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Basic Components of a Fire Alarm System
Fire alarm systems generally have the following components.
Alarm Initiating Device Circuits
These are the circuits which connect initiating devices such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual pull stations, and water flow alarms. Additionally, many system monitor devices important to the overall fire safety of the building also tie in to initiating circuits. These devices indicate an “abnormal” condition, not a fire or “alarm” condition. They are referred to as “supervisory devices.” One example would be the valve supervisory switch or tamper switch of a valve controlling the automatic sprinkler system. These types of devices also may be connected to supervisory type circuits.
Alarm Indicating Appliance Circuits
Audible and visible alarm indicating appliances tie in to these circuits to provide warning to the building occupants. Devices which send a signal off premises also can be connected to these circuits.
Fire Alarm Control Panel
The fire alarm control panel contains the electronics that supervise and monitor the fire alarm system. The initiating and indicating circuits are connected directly into this panel.
Primary Power Supply
The primary electrical supply powers the entire fire alarm system. Primary power for fire alarm systems typically is provided by connecting into the local commercial power service.
Secondary Power Supply
A separate power supply that will operate automatically when the primary power fails and is capable of operating the entire system is considered a secondary power supply.